Editorial: Pelvic Floor Dysfunction This issue of the EAU-EBU Update series is devoted to the female pelvic floor, its disorders and their treatment. All urologists are confronted with the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in females, and many probably also with that of pelvic organ prolapse. Less common for urologists is the treatment of fecal dysfunction which can be associated with urinary dysfunction.
Lymph Node Staging in Clinically Negative Groin Nodes Inguinal lymph node staging in penile cancer is the single most important prognostic indicator in patients with clinically impalpable disease. Sentinel node biopsy is a procedure with low morbidity and high sensitivity that is increasingly being adopted for staging purposes.
Sling Surgery for Female Incontinence Urinary incontinence has multifactorial etiology that affects a significant number of women worldwide. This review article provides clinicians with the pathophysiological background of urinary incontinence as well as possible treatment options when counseling patients. Patients must be clearly informed of the various options and potential risks of each therapy based on European Association of Urology and European Urogynecological Association guidelines.
Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition affecting women of all ages. This article is an evidence-based approach on the surgical options for the management of women with pelvic organ prolapse. The article debates the benefits and risks of various options available for the surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse and aims to help the reader in the process of counseling women with pelvic organ prolapse who choose the surgical route.
Organ-sparing Treatment for Penile Cancer In the last decade there has been a trend towards the use of organ-sparing surgery for penile cancer. We describe the contemporary role of organ-sparing techniques in the management of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and highlight oncological and functional outcomes reported in the literature.
Biomechanical Properties of the Pelvic Floor and its Relation to Pelvic Floor Disorders Pelvic floor disorders are characterized by the weakening of the pelvic floor tissues that is directly related to their biomechanical properties. Such properties change with age, disease, and treatments. This review provides the physician with an overview of the most used methods to investigate the passive biomechanical properties of the human pelvic floor tissues in the context of pelvic floor disorders.
Urodynamics in Female Urology Urodynamics provide important diagnostic confirmation of lower urinary tract dysfunction in women after empiric and/or conservative treatment for symptoms. Correct methodology and interpretation of the urodynamic evaluation allows identification of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms prior to advancing to invasive treatment.
Systemic Therapy for Penile Cancer Chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic penile cancer has moderate activity but poor efficacy. The optimal use of chemotherapy is in the perioperative setting. Agents targeting the epidermal growth-factor receptor pathway are the most promising new drugs in this disease.
Pathology of Penile Cancer The majority of malignant tumors of the penis are squamous cell carcinomas. Numerous different subtypes have distinct features and outcomes. It has become obvious that human papillomavirus infection plays a major role. Penile tumors should be staged according to the European or American pTNM staging system.
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